Study Guide Heredity
BIOLOGY EOC STUDY GUIDE. Biology EOC Study Guide. This Study Guide was developed by Volusia County teachers to help our students. Heredity, Evolution. DOWNLOAD MENDEL AND HEREDITY STUDY GUIDE ANSWER KEY mendel and heredity study pdf Gregor Mendel, who is known as the 'father of modern genetics', was inspired by both his professors at the.
Name: Date: Biology Unit 8 Study Guide: Genetics 8-1 1. Wh at is he re di ty?
The passing of traits from parents to offspring 2. Wh o w as Gr eg or Me nd el? The first to develop rules to accurately predict patterns of heredity 3. What o rgani sm di d Mende l use to per form his e xperim ents? The pea plant 4.
Tru e/Fal se: Mende l actually re peated the exper iments of anot her scient ist, T. List the t hree reason s th at Me ndel c hose the p ea pl ant. The pea plant has man y traits that have two forms that are easy to tell apart Mating of the plants can be controlled Peas are small, they grow easily, mature quickly, and produce many offspring 6. A cross with o ne pair of contra sting trait s is kn own as a Monohybrid cross 7. In the firs t step of his exp erimen t Mendel all owed the plan ts to -. Thi s was important because it produced plants.
This generation is known as the generation. Self-pollinate, true breeding, P 8. In the second s tep of his expe riment, Mendel -. The off spri ng of the P generation are known as the generation.
Cross-pollinated, F. Name: Date: 14. What is a dominant allele? What is a r ecessive allele?
A dominant allele is the allele that is completely expressed. A recessive allele is not expressed when a dominant allele is present. What is homozygous?
What is homozygous dominant? Homozygous recessive?
When the two alleles of a gen e are the same in an individual. What is h eterozy gous? When two alleles of a gene are different.
What is g enoty pe? The set of alleles of an individual.
What i s phen otype? The physical appearance expressed b y the alleles. What is the Law of S egrega tion?
T wo alleles of a trait separate when gametes are formed. What is the Law of Independent Assortment? Alleles of different genes separate independently of one another du ring gamete formation.
8-3 and 8-4 21. What is a P unnett S quare? A diagram that predicts all the possible gamete combinations in a cross 22. If the phenotype is dominant but the genotype is unknown what ty pe of cross would y ou perform? Testcross 23.
What is probabi lity? The likelihood that a specific event will occur.
What is a po lygen ic trai t? When several genes influence a trait 25. What is inc omplet e dominanc e? If intermediate traits between the two parents are expressed, 26. What i s codom inance? When both traits are displayed.
When do es a ge ne have multi ple al leles? Genes with three or more alleles? In cats, long hair is recessive to short hair. A true-breeding (homozygous) short-haired male is mated to a long-haired female. What will their kittens look like? All Ll; all short haired 29.
Jones both have widow’s peaks (dominant). Their first child also has a widow’s peak, but their second child doesn’t.
Jones accuses Mrs. Jones of being unfaithful to him.
Choose one letter to represent the allele for curly feathers and straight feathers. Writ e out the genotypes of ea ch parent below: X c. List the gametes for each parent: and Show all work for full credit.
What are the chances of the offspring having curly feathers? What are the chances of the offspring having straight feathers? 1 / 2 Patterns of Heredity (8-4 cont) 31. What i s a pe digree? A family history that shows how a trait is inherited over several g enerations. What a re car riers?
Heterozygous individuals that don’t show symptoms of the disorder they are carrying 33. What are aut osomal t raits? Traits that are found on the autosomes (body chromosomes found in males and females) 34. What are sex- linked tra its?
Traits that appear only on the X-chromosome 35. Why are males more likely to display a sex-linked trait? Because they only have one X chromosome.
What is the cause of genet ic disord ers? Mutations Questions 38. Refer to the following diagram.
Mary and Marcie, identical twins, go to the same internist who also is a faculty member at a major medical center. At their last visit, they each received a brochure describing a genetics research program recently launched by the hospital and its affiliated university. Researchers were asking for volunteers to fill out a questionnaire and a consent form, donate a blood sample, and have their medical records encoded and transferred to a database.
The goal was to enroll 100,000 participants, and the brochure noted that over 10,000 people had already agreed to participate. The blood sample would be used to extract DNA, which would be encoded with the same number as the medical records. This DNA would be used to search for genes associated with conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, and Alzheimer disease. The idea is that researchers interested in studying arthritis would use the medical records to identify which participants have the condition and then use DNA from those individuals to find genetic similarities that are not present in participants who do not have arthritis. The genetic similarities help identify regions of the genome that contain genes associated with arthritis. These regions can then be studied in detail to identify and isolate genes that may be associated with arthritis and other inflammatory disorders.
In exchange for enrolling, participants would be informed about any genetic conditions or predispositions to genetic disease they carry, and would receive free access to testing. After discussing the brochure, Mary decided to enroll, but Marcie decided she did not want to do so. She said she did not want to know what diseases she may develop or which disease genes she may carry. At their next annual visit, Mary’s internist told her that because her questionnaire indicated that some relatives had Alzheimer disease, her DNA was used in a study to identify risk genes. He said she had been identified as a carrier of a gene that greatly increased the likelihood that she would develop Alzheimer disease.
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The physician told her that age was the greatest risk factor, and while it was not 100% certain she would become a victim of Alzheimer disease, the gene she carries is a factor in 20–25% of all cases. Mary asked if there was anything she could do about these findings. The internist told her that exercise, controlling blood pressure and cholesterol levels, as well as participating in mentally challenging activities such as reading or playing a musical instrument may all help reduce her chances of developing this disease. Mary then asked if Marcie was going to be told about Mary’s genetic risk, and the internist said that he would not tell her. For the next few days, Mary was conflicted about the situation. Marcie was an identical twin, and if Mary carried a gene predisposing her to Alzheimer disease, Marcie must carry the same gene.
Marcie did not exercise with Mary, had high blood pressure, and little interest in reading or social activities. Mary did not know whether she should tell Marcie. If you were advising Mary, what would you say? Should she tell Marcie about the risk? Should she not tell her, but instead try to get Marcie to exercise and be more social?
Heredity Study Guide Answers
Should Mary ask their internist to talk with Marcie about this? 11739-1-1CS AID: 2498 If I were advising Mary, I would definitely tell Marcie about the risk of getting Alzheimer’s disease. This is very much important because many physical activities like exercising, controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, reading and playing music can reduce the chances of developing this disease. Marcie has greater risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, because she did not exercise with Mary, has high blood pressure, and has very little interest in participating social activities. If Marcie does not want to know about the risks, I would ask my internist to talk to Marcie about this disease.
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