Black Frontiers Study Guide
'Black Frontiers' by Student Edition Unit 4, pp. 460–473 Expository nonfiction gives information about real people and events, such as this chapter in America's history.
Army Study Guide
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Probability and statistical inference 9th edition solution manual pdf free. After the Civil War, some former slaves left the South seeking freedom and opportunity. African American families walked from their homes to the Mississippi River, where they waited to encounter boats to carry them north. Then they made their ways west, into what are now known as the Midwest and the Great Plains. Settlers, black or white, who reached the frontier had a rough time. Land had to be cleared, a farmer needed supplies and a mule or horse, and he and his family needed a place to live. In Kansas and Nebraska, homesteaders found that because of the tall grasses with deep roots, the ground could be cut into chunks that held together. Layered one upon the other, these sod chunks could form a house.
People who built houses like this were called 'sodbusters.' In other places where people settled, some pioneers dug into the ground and built an earthen roof overhead. Benjamin Singleton, born a slave in Tennessee, had read in the Bible about ancient Israelites being led out of bondage.
He vowed to move his people to free land. In the 1870s he visited Kansas, where he and some friends bought part of a Cherokee reservation. He advertised the Kansas land to homesteaders for one dollar. By 1879 an exodus of black families—'Exodusters'—had left the South and built settlements in two new Kansas communities. Other black settlers moved to Nebraska and Oklahoma or even to the Oregon Territory.
Some black frontiersmen were called the Buffalo Soldiers. During the Civil War, nearly 200,000 black troops had fought with the Union Army. After the war, all-black regiments were commissioned as cavalry soldiers and infantry soldiers. These troops went west to fight Indian tribes and protect frontier people. Indians named the men Buffalo Soldiers because their hair was like a buffalo's coat.
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Buffalo were sacred to the Indians. The Buffalo Soldiers, who won many awards for their service, were proud of their name. In the years up to early 1900s, tens of thousands of black Americans were living and working west of the Mississippi River.
Frontiers Study Abroad Journal
Besides early pioneers and Buffalo Soldiers, they were miners and trappers, cowboys and wranglers, business men and women, and teachers and nurses. African Americans helped to settle the Old West.